大学生完美主义、自尊、自我和谐和自杀意念的关系研究

目的了解大学生的完美主义、自尊、自我和谐和自杀意念状况,分析影响大学生自杀意念产生的主要因素。方法采用完美主义量表、自尊量表、自我和谐量表和自杀意念自评量表对河南省7所高校800名大学生进行统一问卷调查。结果完美主义和自杀意念在是否独生子上不存在显著差异(P>0.05),而自杀意念在性别上存在显著差异(P<0.01);完美主义及其维度、自尊、自我和谐与自杀意念之间存在显著相关,并且完美主义的4个维度——担心错误、行动的疑虑、条理性,自尊和自我和谐可以预测自杀意念。结论应采取措消除完美主义的消极影响,培养适中的自尊水平和自我和谐的人格,降低自杀意念的产生。     

综合干预对某部军事人员自杀的影响

目的探讨某部军事人员自杀综合干预措施的效果。方法对某部实施综合性自杀干预措施，使用相同的调查工具和调查流程，对2001年与2004年同一样本人群的自杀率及其相关因素进行比较及评估。结果2004年与2001年某部的总自杀率分别为1．12‰和4．63‰，自杀死亡率分别为0和0．13‰，自杀未遂率分别为0．14％和0．66％，自杀行为发生率分别为0．28‰和1．32‰，自杀意念发生率分别为0．70‰和2．51‰，均有显著性差异；综合干预后负性生活事件导致的自杀率显著下降。结论自杀综合干预措施效果明显。     

2009 - 2018年中国大陆中学生自杀意念者自杀尝试发生率的Meta分析

目的 探讨中国大陆中学生自杀意念者的自杀尝试发生率,为预防中学生自杀及开展相应的心理健康教育提供参考。方法 使用Stata 15.0软件对文献检索获得的28篇文献进行元分析。结果 中学生自杀意念者自杀尝试发生率在4%～32%之间,基于随机效应模型的合并转换后率为18%（95%CI:14.5%～21.7%）; 敏感性分析显示, 研究结果较稳定。单个和多个协变量的元回归分析发现异质性仅与文献质量评分不同有关（P＜0.01）。结论 中国大陆中学生自杀意念对其自杀尝试行为有较高的预测作用。     

Suicidal behaviours in male and female users of illicit drugs recruited in drug treatment facilities

Objective

We assessed prevalence of suicidal ideation and plans among illicit drug users and their association with contextual factors, by gender.

大学生社会性无聊感、生命意义感与自杀意念

目的:调查大学生社会性无聊感、生命意义感与自杀意念的关系。方法:采用无聊倾向量表、生命意义感量表、自杀意念问卷对646名大学本进行调查。结果:1大学生社会性无聊感得分在性别、就读地区、年级、是否独生等几方面的差异均无统计学意义;2大学生社会性无聊感与生命意义感存在显著负相关(r=-0.336,P0.001),大学生社会性无聊感与自杀意念存在显著正相关(r=0.382,P0.001);3生命意义感中的部分维度如成就、快乐、信仰和人际关系等4个维度对大学生社会性无聊感有负性预测作用(R2=-0.136,P0.001;R2=-0.165,P0.001;R2=-0.179,P0.01;R2=-0.187,P0.05),大学生社会性无聊感对自杀意念有正性预测作用(R2=0.146,P0.001);4大学生社会性无聊感在生命意义感与自杀意念存在显著中介作用。结论:生命意义感的提高,有助于降低大学生社会性无聊感,减少自杀意念的出现。     

初中生应对方式与自杀意念的关系

目的:了解初中生自杀意念的现状,探讨初中生应对方式与自杀意念的关系。方法:从我校每个年级的10个班中,采用分群随机抽样的方法抽取5个班共864人。采用自杀意念自评量表(SIOSS)、中学生应对方式量表进行调查。通过筛选有无自杀意念学生,然后根据不同年级、性别从自杀意念检出率和平均分进行比较,用应对方式各因子的得分与自杀意念量表得分做相关分析。结果:初中生自杀意念的检出率为16.32%。自杀意念检出率女生显著高于男生(χ~2=9.024,P0.01),初二年级学生显著高于初一、初三年级学生(χ~2=10.912,P0.01);在自杀意念的平均得分上女生显著高于男生(t=-5.252,P0.01),初三年级、初二年级学生显著高于初一年级学生(t=8.992,P0.01)。问题解决、积极合理化与自杀意念有显著负相关(r=-0.232,-0.194;P0.01);忍耐、逃避、发泄及幻想否认等指向情绪的应对方式与自杀意念有显著的正相关(r=0.324,0.250,0.296,0.393;P0.01)。结论:初中生应对方式与自杀意念有显著相关。     

Does High Emotional Demand with Low Job Control Relate to Suicidal Ideation among Service and Sales Workers in Korea?

We examined the relationship of high emotional demands and low job control to suicidal ideation among service and sales workers in Korea. A total of 1,995 service and sales workers participated in this study. Suicidal ideation and level of emotional demand and job control were assessed by self-reported questionnaire in 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Gender-specific odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for suicidal ideation were calculated using logistic regression analysis. The results show that workers who suffered from high emotional demands (OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.24-3.45 in men, OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.42-2.75 in women) or low job control (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.42-2.75 in men, OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 0.91-1.93 in women) were more likely to experience suicidal ideation after controlling for age, household income, and employment characteristics. The interaction model of emotional demands and job control revealed that workers with high emotional demands and high job control (OR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.08-3.45 in men, OR, 1.60; 95% CI,1.06-2.42 in women) and high emotional demands and low job control (OR; 4.60, 95% CI;1.88-11.29 in men, OR; 2.78, 95% CI;1.64-4.44 in women) had a higher risk for suicidal ideation compared to those with low emotional demands and high job control after controlling for age, household income, employment characteristics, smoking, alcohol drinking and physical activity habit. These results suggest that high emotional demands in both genders and low job control in men might play a crucial role in developing suicidal ideation among sales and service workers in Korea.     

Homicidal poisoning in India: A short review

This review has analysed various studies and case reports on homicide by poison from different parts of India till date. This review shows that homicidal poisoning prevalence varies from 0.3% to 3.7% having varied prevalence from different regions with no homicidal cases too. The poisons used in homicide were mainly organophosphates, aluminium phosphide, paraquat, and arsenic. No age-group or gender was spared and the perpetrators were first degree relatives.     

停止尿床年龄与青少年自杀行为的关系

目的探讨停止尿床年龄与青少年自杀行为的关系。方法对1920名11岁～16岁的青少年进行调查,由父母完成包括青少年生长发育史、自杀行为、抑郁症状、攻击行为及家庭环境等定式问卷。结果在控制一系列儿童及家庭情况变量后,多变量Logistic回归模型显示3岁后停止尿床与青少年自杀行为的危险性增加显著相关,停止尿床年龄与青少年自杀行为之间存在量效关系（3岁～4岁停止尿床OR值为2.1,5岁及以上停止尿床OR值为3.6）。中介变量分析显示,停止尿床时间晚对自杀行为的效应,至少部分通过抑郁及攻击行为中介。结论停止尿床时间晚可能是青少年自杀行为的早期神经发育预测因素,应进一步探讨青少年自杀行为的早期神经发育危险因素及潜在机制。